SUBORDINATION OF WOMEN IN RURAL TOURISM: A REVIEW OF CASE STUDIES
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Based on a bibliographic review, the aim is to characterize female work in rural tourism, emphasizing activities that are configured as an extension of domestic work. It contributes to deepening gender inequalities in rural areas that have transited to the offer of tourist services. It is an interpretive type of research, 99 scientific articles that present case studies that link rural tourism, women and work were analyzed. A methodological design articulated with Grounded Theory (TF) was chosen, which ⎯through the use of the Atlas ti software⎯ guided the identification of patterns in the information. There are three organizational structures (cooperatives, entrepreneurships and salaried workers) that reproduce various mechanisms of subordination of women in tourism work, such as: double presence, overtime, low mobility, creation of feminized jobs linked to domestic work, among others.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Aggelopoulos, Stamatis; Kamenidou, Irine y Alexandra Pavloudi. (2008). Women’s business activities in Greece: The case of agro-tourism. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 56(4), 371-384. Recuperado en 16/10/2021 de https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/57624
Ali, Rabi. (2018). Determinants of female entrepreneurs growth intentions: A case of female-owned small businesses in Ghana’s tourism sector. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(3), 387-404. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0057/full/html
Alrwajfah, Moayad; Almeida García, Fernando y Rafael Cortés Macías. (2020). Females’ perspectives on tourism’s impact and their employment in the sector: The case of Petra, Jordan. Tourism Management, (78), 345-365. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261517719302663
Arisanty, Deasy et al. (2017). The Role of Women in Lok Baintan Floating Market, South Kalimantan: Implication for Tourism Development. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 5,(3), 169-174. https://jitode.ub.ac.id/index.php/jitode/article/view/236
Bakas, Fiona (2017). Community resilience through entrepreneurship: The role of gender. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(1), 61-77. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JEC-01-2015-0008/full/html
Benería, Lourdes. (1981). Reproducción, producción y división sexual del trabajo. Mientras Tanto, (6), 47-84.
Bolles, Augusta. (1997). Women as a category of analysis in scholarship on tourism: Jaimaican women and tourism employment en Chambers Erve (Ed.), Tourism and Cultures: An Applied Perspective (pp. 7-92). State University of New York.
Boonabaana, Brenda. (2014). Negotiating gender and tourism work: Women’s lived experiences in Uganda. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1-2), 27-36. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1467358414529578
Buzinde, Christine; Kalavar, Jyotsna y Kokel Melubo. (2014). Tourism and community well-being: The case of the Maasai in Tanzania. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 20-35. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160738313001187
Carrasquer Oto, Pilar. (2009). La doble presencia. El trabajo y el empleo femenino en las sociedades contemporáneas [Tesis Doctoral, Departament de Sociologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona].
Corbin, Juliet y Anselm Strauss. (1998). Basic Qualitative Research Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE Publications.
Dadvar Khani, Fazileh. (2015). The influence of tourism development on economic Empowerment of rural women. Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 3(3), 900-910. https://european-science.com/eojnss_proc/article/view/4666
Duarte, Coelho y Ana Pereira. (2018) The role of women in rural tourism: a study in the Planaltina´s Rajadhinha circuit-Federal Districts. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 12(13). https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5041/504158891004/movil/
Ertac, Murude y Cem Tanova. (2020). Flourishing Women through Sustainable Tourism Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 12(14), 5643. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/14/5643
Figueroa Domecq, Cristina, Anna De Jong y Allan Williams. (2020). Gender, tourism and entrepreneurship: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 1-13. Disponible en https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160738320301249
Federici, Silvia. (2010). Calibán y la bruja. Mujeres, cuerpo y acumulación originaria. Traficante de sueños.
Gajíc, Tamara et al. (2018). Development Perspectives of Rural Tourism Policy — a Comparative Study of Rural Tourism Competitiveness Based on Perceptions of Tourism Workers in Slovenia and Serbia. Eastern European Countryside, 24(1), 143-154. https://sciendo.com/de/article/10.2478/eec-2018-0007
Gaytán Fontes, Amelia y Romualdo Montaño Bermúdez. (2017). Mujeres, hogares y actividades económicas en una comunidad periurbana: el caso de San Pedro El Saucito, municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora en Grageda, Aarón, et al. (Coord.) (2012), Género y estudios familiares en el Noroeste de México: una visión. (pp. 48-62). Universidad de Sonora.
Gil Arroyo, Claudia et al. (2019). Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities. Sustainability, 8(11) https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/11/3058
Guevara Hernández, I. (2020). Female autonomy and rural tourism Tzibanzá, Cadereyta de Montes, Queretaro, Mexico. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 8(5), pp. 487-496. https://doaj.org/article/1c8a7ed604764cf0b6b319e0c294bb91
Irawan, Nico y Vicheth, Nara. (2020). Managing women development through participation in sustainable tourism development in Kampong Phluk, Siem Reap, Cambodia. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research, 4(2), 262-269. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR/article/view/1053. ISSN 2614-1280.
KizildaĞ, Duygu. (2019). Women’s Cooperatives as a Tool of Employment Policy in Turkey en Grima, Simón et al. (Coords.) (2012), Contemporary Issues in Behavioral Finance (pp. 65-76). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Koutsou, Stavriani et al. (2009). Women’s Entrepreneurship and Rural Tourism in Greece: Private Enterprises and Cooperatives. South European Society and Politics, 14(2), 191-209. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13608740903037968
Kurtege Sefer, Bengu. (2020). A gender- and class-sensitive explanatory model for rural women entrepreneurship in Turkey. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 191-210. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJGE-07-2019-0113/full/html.
Laslett, Barbara y Johanna Brenner. (1989). Gender and Social Reproduction: Historical Perspectives. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 381-404. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2083231
Lugones, María. (2008). Colonialidad y género. Tabula Rasa, 9, 73-101. https://www.revistatabularasa.org/numero-9/05lugones.pdf
Martínez Caparrós, Belén. (2018). Trekking hacia el empoderamiento de las mujeres: un estudio de caso de una empresa de viajes operada por mujeres en Ladakh en Cole, Stroma (Ed.), Gender Equality and Tourism (pp. 57-66). CABI.
Mkhize, Gabi y Nokuthula Cele. (2017). The role of women in tourism in KwaZulu-Natal: Case studies from the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal. Agenda, 31(1), 128-139. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10130950.2017.1371527
Möller, Cecilia. (2012). Gendered Entrepreneurship in Rural Latvia: Exploring Femininities, Work, and Livelihood Within Rural Tourism. Journal of Baltic Studies, 43(1), 75-94. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01629778.2011.634103
Moreno, Neus et al. (2011). Double Presence, Paid Work, and Domestic-Family Work. New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 20(4), 511-526. https://doi.org/10.2190/NS.20.4.h
Moswete, Naomi y Gary Lacey. (2015). Women cannot lead: Empowering women through cultural tourism in Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 600-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.986488
Movono, Apisalone y Heidi Dahles. (2017). Female empowerment and tourism: A focus on businesses in a Fijian village. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 681-692. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10941665.2017.1308397?journalCode=rapt20
Mrema, Abidan. (2015). Tourism and women empowerment in Monduli District, Arusha-Tanzania. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), 1-15. http://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article54rrvol4_2_july-nov2015.pdf
Murguialday, Carla et al. (2015). ¿Equidad de género en el turismo? muchas sombras y algunas luces. Foro de Turismo Responsable.
Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT). (2013). Informe mundial sobre las mujeres en el turismo 2010. OMT.
Oughton, Elizabeth, Jane Wheelock y Susan Baines. (2003). Micro-businesses and Social Inclusion in Rural Households: A Comparative Analysis. Sociologia Ruralis, 43(4), 331-348. https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/96754
Panta, Smirittee y Brijesh Thapa. (2018). Entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment in gateway communities of Bardia National Park, Nepal. Journal of Ecotourism, 17(1), 20-42. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14724049.2017.1299743
Pettersson, Katarina y Susanna Heldt Cassel. (2014). Women tourism entrepreneurs: Doing gender on farms in Sweden. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 29(8), 487-504. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/GM-02-2014-0016/full/html
Picchio, Antonella. (2005). La economía política y la investigación sobre las condiciones de vida en Cairó, Gemma et al., Por una economía sobre la vida. Aportes desde un enfoque feminista, (pp. 17-34). Icaria.
Reyes Aguilar, Ana, Carlos Pérez Ramírez y Rocío Serrano Barquín. (2019). Turismo Rural y Conservación Ambiental: La Participación de la Mujer Campesina en la Reserva de la Biosfera los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México. Rosa Dos Ventos. Turismo e Hospitalidade, 11(1), 158-177. http://www.ucs.br/etc/revistas/index.php/rosadosventos/article/view/5859
San Martín Cantero, Daniel. (2012). Teoría Fundamentada y Atlas TI: recursos metodológicos para la investigación educativa. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 16(1), 104-122. https://redie.uabc.mx/redie/article/view/727
Scheyvens, Regina. (2000) Promoting Women’s Empowerment Through Involvement in Ecotourism: Experiences from the Third World. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(3), 232-249. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0966958000866736
Seyfi, Siamark, Colin Hall y Tan Vo-Thanh. (2020). The gendered effects of statecraft on women in tourism: Economic sanctions, women’s disempowerment and sustainability? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-18. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09669582.2020.1850749?journalCode=rsus20
Sofer, Michael y Tzipi Saada. (2017). Entrepreneurship of Women in the Rural Space in Israel: Catalysts and Obstacles to Enterprise Development. Sociologia Ruralis, 57(S1), 769-790. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/soru.12125
Tajeddini, Kayhan., Alf Walle y Mela Denisa. (2017). Enterprising Women, Tourism, and Development: The Case of Bali. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 18(2) 195-218. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15256480.2016.1264906?journalCode=wjht20
Yildirim, Gülsün, Abdullah Tarinç y Ceyhun Kilinç. (2020). Women Entrepreneurship in Tourism: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 8(4), 2462-2477. https://jotags.org/2020/vol8_issue4_article6.pdf
Tereso Ramírez, Leonor y Beatriz Cota Elizalde. (2017). La doble presencia de las mujeres: conexiones entre trabajo no remunerado, construcción de afectos-cuidados y trabajo remunerado. Margen: revista de trabajo social y ciencias sociales, 1-12. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6078458.
Varguillas, Carmen. (2006). El uso de Atlas TI y la creatividad del investigador en el análisis cualitativo de contenido upel. Laurus Revista de Educación, 12(73-87). https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/761/76109905.pdf
Webster, Natasha. (2017). Rural-to-rural translocal practices: Thai women entrepreneurs in the Swedish countryside. Journal of Rural Studies, 56, 219-228. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0743016716304284
Xiang, Yixiai, Dong Isbister y Fevzi Okumus. (2015). Impact of rural tourism development on subjective well-being of rural Chinese women. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 4(3), 252. https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJTA.2015.071947
Zacaria, Rafia. (2017). El mito del ‘empoderamiento’ de la mujer. The New York Times. Recuperado en 07/11/2021 de https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/opinion/the-myth-of-womens-empowerment.html