Non-sexist language strategies in election manifestos (2023)
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Abstract
This paper deals with the use of non-sexist strategies in manifestos of the Spanish general election of July 2023. The analysis of the strategies as compared with the use of generic masculine aims to determine how they correlate with political ideology and to what extent they contribute to manifesting ideological polarization. We analyze the programs of three left-wing parties (Sumar, PSOE, ERC) and three right-wing parties (PP, Vox, Junts), two of which are from the Catalan area (ERC, Junts). We compare the results with previous analyses of parliamentary debate. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the manifestos shows that the use of non-sexist language has consolidated as an emblem of left-wing ideology, which produces an increase in the frequency of use of non-sexist strategies and a decrease of generic masculine. Among the mechanisms of non-sexist language, doublings are losing ground and collectives, generics and epicenes are increasing, often used in a non-natural or even grammatically incorrect way.
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Funding data
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Grant numbers PID2020-119102RB-I00
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