Defender la verdad y la democracia en la era de la IA: Un marco para empoderar a los votantes contra la persuasión y la desinformación mediante la alfabetización en Inteligencia Artificial
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Al presenciar el creciente impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en un entorno de postverdad, la credibilidad de nuestros sentidos disminuye a medida que la distinción entre lo real y lo imaginado se vuelve cada vez más difusa. Este estudio examina los efectos del contenido generado por IA y los deepfakes (ultrafalsos) en los/las votantes, analizando su uso en la política turca y estadounidense en la última década. La facilidad y rapidez para crear noticias falsas con IA requiere una verificación constante, pero la regulación a menudo es insuficiente, lo que aumenta la ansiedad diaria sobre la realidad. Con la inminente ley de IA de la Unión Europea, este artículo destaca los peligros de la defensa mediática (el uso estratégico de los medios para influir en la opinión pública) y la desinformación (la difusión de información incorrecta o engañosa). A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica, del análisis de comunicados de prensa y estudios de caso, este trabajo evalúa su posible impacto persuasivo en los/las votantes, las elecciones y la democracia. A la vez, identifica los riesgos asociados y propone un marco para empoderar a los votantes utilizando tecnología para reforzar los “filtros de verdad,” la Inteligencia Aumentada y la “alfabetización en IA.” Dos conceptos que se desarrollaron paralelamente, pero con diferentes intenciones: Pues, mientras que la IA buscaba crear inteligencia digital, la Inteligencia Aumentada se centraba en utilizar la tecnología para mejorar la capacidad humana.
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