Who is currently audio describing in China? A study of Chinese audio describer profiles.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Access to culture and information is recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by China in 2008. Access services like audio description facilitate the consumption of audio-visual products such as films by those who suffer from sight loss. This paper attempts to contextualize this access service in China and focuses on those in charge of preparing it – audio describers. In order to provide a profile of these audio describers, a questionnaire was distributed in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. The results show that an overwhelming majority of those audio describing are volunteers aged 20-50, and most have a university education background which is not related to Audiovisual Translation. They come from a varied professional background, most have only been audio describing for a few years, they lack formal training in audio description and mainly audio describe films in Standard Chinese.
Downloads
Article Details
The documents contained in these directories are included by the contributing authors as a means to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work on a non-commercial basis. It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
References
Chmiel, Agnieszka & Iwona Mazur. (2012) “AD Reception Research: Some Methodological Considerations.” In: Perego, Elisa (ed.) 2012. Emerging Topics in Translation: Audio Description. Trieste: EUT, pp. 57-74.
Di Giovanni, Elena. (2018) “Audio Description for Live Performances and Audience Participation. Jostrans: the Journal of Specialised Translation 29, pp. 189-211.
Feng, Jiyuan. (2018) “Koushu Yingxiang de Banquan Guizhi Tanjiu.” [Study on the copyright of AD]. Henan Keji Zhishi Chanquan 3, pp. 36-38.
Fresno, Nazaret. (2014) La (re)construcción de los personajes fílmicos en la audiodescripción Efectos de la cantidad de información y de su segmentación en el recuerdo de los receptores. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. PhD thesis.
Fryer, Louise. (2016) An Introduction to Audio Description. London: Routledge. Gambier, Yves. (2003) “Introduction.” The Translator 9:2, pp. 171-189.
Gambier, Yves & Haina Jin. (2018) “Audiovisual Translation in China: A Dialogue between Yves Gambier and Haina Jin.” Journal of Audiovisual Translation 1:1, pp. 26-39.
Hernández-bartolomé, Gustavo & Ana Isabel Mendiluce-Cabrera. (2009) “How Can Images Be Translated? Audio Description, a Challenging Audiovisual and Social Gap-filler.” Hermeneus, Revista de Traducción e Interpretación 11, pp. 1–17.
Jankowska, Anna. (2015) Translating Audio Description Scripts: Translation as a New Strategy of Creating Audio Description. Bern: Peter Lang.
Leung, Dawning. (2018) Audio description of audiovisual programmes for the visually impaired in Hong Kong. London: University College London. PhD thesis.
Leung, Dawning. (2015) “Audio Description in Hong Kong.” In: Baños, Rocío & Jorge Díaz-Cintas (eds.) 2015. Audiovisual Translation in a Global Context. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 266-281.
Li, Dongxiao. (2013) Tingjian, Kanjian: Yingshi Meiti de Wuzhang’ai Chuanbo Yanjiu [Hear and See: Audio-Visual Media for All]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Daxue Chubanshe.
Li, Dongxiao & Xianghui Pan. (2013) “Huishenghuise: Zhongguo Wuzhang’ai Dianying de Fazhan Xianzhuang ji Zhanwang.” [Vivid and realistic: Development and prospects of Chinese barrier-free movies]. Zhejiang Xuekan 4, pp. 188-198.
Li, Dongxiao & Peter O. Looms. (2016) “Television Accessibility in China.” In: Biswas, Pradipta; Carlos Duarte; Patrick Langdon & Luis Almeida (eds.) 2016. A Multimodel End 2 End Approach to Access. Cham: Springer, pp. 261-273.
Matamala, Anna; María Machuca & Antonio Ríos. (2018) “More than Words. Voice in Audio Description.” Paper presented at Languages and the Media Conference (October 2018), Berlin, Germany. Electronic version: https://ddd.uab.cat/record/196126
Orero, Pilar; Stephen Doherty; Jan-Louis Kruger; Anna Matamala; Jan Pedersen; Pablo Romero-Fresco; Sara Rovira-Esteva; Olga Soler-Vilageliu & Agnieszka Szarkowska. (2018) “Conducting Experimental Research in Audiovisual Translation (AVT): A Position Paper.” Jostrans: the Journal of Specialised Translation 30, pp. 105-126.
Peng, Xiaoxia; Shige Song; Sheena Sullivan; Jingjun Qiu & Wei Wang. (2010) “Ageing, the Urban-Rural Gap and Disability Trends: 19 Years of Experience in China - 1987 to 2006.” PLoS ONE 5:8, pp. e12129.
Petersen, Carole J. (2008) “China’s Ratification of the Convention on the Rights on Persons with Disabilities: The Implications for Hong Kong.” Hong Kong Law Journal 38, pp. 611-643.
Qiu, Zhuoying. (1998) “Disability Statistics in the People’s Republic of China.” Asia & Pacific Journal on Disability 3.
Reviers, Nina. (2016) “Audio description services in Europe: an update.” The Journal of Specialised Translation 26, pp. 232-247.
Snyder, Joel. (2014) The Visual Made Verbal: A Comprehensive Training Manual and Guide to the History and Applications of Audio Description. Arlington: American Council of the Blind. Abingdon: Routledge.
Various authors (United Nations). (2006) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Electronic version: <http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf>
Various authors (China Disabled Persons’ Federation). (2007) 2006 Nian Di-Er Ci Quanguo Canjiren Chouyang Diaocha Zhuyao Shuju Gongbao [Report on the results of the second national sample survey on persons with disabilities]. Electronic version: http://www.cdpf.org.cn/sjzx/cjrgk/200711/t20071121_387540_1.shtml
Various authors (China Disabled Persons’ Federation). (2016) Law on the Protection of Persons’ with Disabilities. Electronic version: http://www.cdpf.org.cn/english/Resources/lawsregulations/201603/t20160303_542879.shtml
Various authors (People’s Republic of China) (n.d.). Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China. Electronic version: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/cn/cn001en.pdf
Various authors (The National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China) (n.d.) Beijing shi shishi “Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Canjiren Baozhangfa” banfa [Beijing’s implementation of the Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities]. Electronic version: http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/zfjc/cjrbzfzfjc/2012-07/26/content_1731040.htm
XU, Jing. (2018) Zhongguo Mangwen Tushuguan Koushu Yingxiangguan Bangzhu Shizhang Renshi “Ting” Dianying [The AD screening room of the China Braille Library helps people “listen” to movies]. Electronic version: https://wemedia.ifeng.com/56470848/wemedia.shtml
Walczak, Agnieszka. (2017) “Audio Description on Smartphones: Making Cinema Accessible for Visually Impaired Audiences.” Universal Access in the Information Society 17:4, pp. 833-840.
Wu, Zongyi & Zhenzhen Xie. (2015) “Zhongguo Shizhang Koushu Yingxiang Fuwu de Fazhan Xianzhuang yu Dalu Tuiguang” [The development and the promotion of audio description in Mainland China]. Xinwen Yanjiu Shikan 6:10, pp. 20-22.
Yeung, Jessica. (2007) “Audio Description in the Chinese World.” In: Díaz-Cintas, Jorge; Pilar Orero & Aline Remael (eds.) 2007. Media for All: Subtitling for the Deaf, Audio Description, and Sign Language. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 231-244.