Apología de la polémica como modalidad argumentativa: el conflicto público en Brasil en las protestas de 2015
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Abstract
Esta investigación analiza las protestas ciudadanas que ocurrieron en Brasil en marzo de 2015, teniendo en cuenta la construcción discursiva de la polémica política en la generación de confrontación pública. El análisis propuesto se basa en los conceptos de dissensus y polémica siguiendo a Amossy, para diseccionar 20 carteles elaborados por ciudadanos brasileños que salieron a las calles para exigir el impeachment de la actual presidenta, Dilma Rousseff. Para dar cuenta de la diversidad de los temas de los carteles, consideramos categorías basadas en los estudios sobre construcción de la imagen de los sujetos de discurso (Amossy, 2014; Charaudeau, 2013a, 2013b) y polémica (Amossy, 2014). Las protestas mostraron una paradoja entre el derecho a la manifestación pública y la reclamación del regreso de una dictadura militar. Las conclusiones abordan el límite argumentativo de la polémica y de la violencia verbal como medios para valorar o denostar el estado de la democracia en Brasil. La destitución de Roussef en 2016 contextualiza en el tiempo los efectos de estos discursos.
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Abstract: This research analyzes the civic demonstrations that occurred in March 2015 in Brazil, with a perspective of political debate and conflict discursive construction. The study proposed focuses on the concepts of dissensus and polemics following Amossy theories. 20 posters made by citizens and showed during Rousseff’s impeachment protests have been analyzed. Different topics have been selected, adapting the categories of subject of discourse image construction (Amossy, 2014; Charaudeau, 2013a, 2013b) and polemics (Amossy, 2014). Demonstrations generated a paradox between the right to protest and the defense of a military dictatorship. Conclusions approach to the argumentative limits of polemics and verbal violence as tools to value or attack the state of democracy in Brazil. Rousseff’s 2016 impeachment gives a more complete context to those discourses effects.
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