"De bestias a instalaciones eléctricas defectuosas”: imágenes metafóricas de esclerosis múltiple descrita por mujeres

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Miguel Ángel Campos Pardillos

Resumen

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad que afecta al cerebro y a la médula espinal, en la que el sistema inmunológico ataca la mielina que protege las fibras nerviosas, provocando daños permanentes que derivan en diversos tipos de discapacidades. Como enfermedad (hasta la fecha) incurable, la experiencia del/de la paciente es fundamental para afrontar los numerosos síntomas, especialmente en la forma en que se comunica, no solo a los médicos, sino también a la sociedad en general. En los últimos años, la EM, que hace un siglo parecía afectar tanto a mujeres como a hombres, ha mostrado una prevalencia creciente en la proporción entre mujeres y hombres, tanto en cohortes pequeñas (Kotzamani et al., 2012; Krökki et al. 2011), como a nivel mundial (Sellner et al., 2011). Ante esta tendencia, el estudio de la EM ha comenzado a incluir un enfoque de género, centrándose en los potenciales factores explicativos, pero también en las circunstancias específicas que afectan a las mujeres (Jobin et al., 2010). En nuestro artículo, a partir de una muestra extraída de testimonios en línea, se realizará un análisis de las diversas imágenes metafóricas utilizadas por las mujeres para explicar sus síntomas a médicos, familiares y a la sociedad en general. Siguiendo la clasificación tradicional de Lakoff y Johnson (1980: 14), exploraremos los marcos utilizados, que pueden conducir a experiencias positivas o negativas de la enfermedad y pueden tener un potencial empoderante cuando las pacientes «luchan» contra la EM en el marco general del manejo de su enfermedad.

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Campos Pardillos, M. Ángel. (2024). "De bestias a instalaciones eléctricas defectuosas”: imágenes metafóricas de esclerosis múltiple descrita por mujeres. Cultura, Lenguaje Y Representación, 34, 195–212. https://doi.org/10.6035/clr.7883
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