Formulaicity in constrained communication An intermodal approach
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Publicado:
jun 6, 2021
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formulaic language, interpreting, translation, constrained language, corpus linguistics
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In this exploratory study bordering on corpus linguistics, formulaic language and studies on constrained communication (focusing on translation, interpreting, and L2) we aim to verify whether constrained texts found in the Polish-English component of an intermodal EPTIC corpus differ from native texts in terms of use of adjacent word combinations commonly known as bigrams and whether similar patterns can be found across spoken and written registers. To that end, we fit a Poisson regression model with fixed and random effects. The results show that the translated language variety contributes to the higher number of the most frequent bigram types in both spoken and written registers, and that the number of frequent bigrams in texts generally increases when the speech/source speech is delivered impromptu, but the effect is significant only for the written register. The findings reveal the considerable impact of individual variation on formulaicity as most of the bigram variation within both models is explained by text-specific random variables rather than fixed variables.
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Kajzer-Wietrzny, M. ., & Grabowski, Łukasz . (2021). Formulaicity in constrained communication: An intermodal approach. MonTI. Monografías De Traducción E Interpretación, (13), 148–183. https://doi.org/10.6035/MonTI.2021.13.05
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Bates, Douglas, Martin Mächler, Ben Bolker & Steve Walker. (2015) “Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4”. Journal of Statistical Software 67:1, pp. 1-48. Online version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.582
Bentz, Christian & Bodo Winter. (2013) “Languages with More Second Language Learners Tend to Lose Nominal Case.” In Wichmann, Soren & Jeff Good (eds.), Quantifying Language Dynamics: On the Cutting edge of Areal and Phylogenetic Linguistics. Leiden: Brill, pp. 96-124.
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Biel, Łucja. (2014) Lost in the Eurofog: The Textual Fit of Translated Law. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag.
Bolker, Benjamin, Mollie Brooks, Connie Clark, Shane Geange, John Poulsen, M. Henry Stevens & Jada-Simone White (2009) “Generalized linear mixed models: A practical guide for ecology and evolution”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24:3, pp. 127-135.
Buerki, Andreas. (2016) “Formulaic sequences: a drop in the ocean of constructions or something more significant?” European Journal of English Studies 20:1, pp. 15-34.
Buerki, Andreas. (2020) “(How) is Formulaic Language Universal? Insights from Korean, German and English”. In Piirainen, Elisabeth, Natalia Filatkina, Sören Stumpf & Christian Pfeiffer (eds.), Formulaic Language and New Data Theoretical and Methodological Implications. Berlin: Degruyter, pp. 103-134.
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Ebeling , Jarle & Signe Oksefjell Ebeling. (2018) “Comparing n-gram-based functional categories in original versus translated texts”. Corpora 13:3, pp. 347-370.
Ferraresi, Adriano, Silvia Bernardini, Maja Milič ević & Marie-Aude Lefer. (2019) “Simplified or Not Simplified? The Different Guises of Mediated English at the European Parliament.” Meta: Journal Des Traducteurs / Translators’ Journal 63:3, pp. 717-738.
Forsyth, Richard. (2015) “Formulib: Formulaic Language Software Library”. Online version: http://www.richardsandesforsyth.net/zips/formulib.zip
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Foster , Pauline. (2001) “Rules and routines: A consideration of their role in the task-based language production of native and non-native speakers”. In Bygate, Martin, Peter Skehan & Merill Swain (eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching and testing . London: Longman, pp. 75-93.
Fox , John, Sanford Weisberg, Michael Friendly, Jangman Hong, Robert Andersen, David Firth & Steve Taylor. (2019) Package ‘effects’. Online version: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/effects/effects.pdf
Grabowski, Łukasz. (2013) “Interfacing corpus linguistics and computational stylistics: translation universals in translational literary Polish”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics , 18:2, pp. 254-280.
Grabowski , Łukasz & Nicholas Groom (accepted) “Functionally-defined recurrent multi-word units in English-to-Polish translation: a corpus-based study”. Revista Espa .ola de Linguistica Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics .
Halverson, Sandra. (2003) “The cognitive basis of translation universals”. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15:2, pp. 197-241.
Hastie, Trevor, Robert Tibshirani & Jerome Friedman. (2016) The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. Second Edition. Berlin: Springer.
Hu, Xianyao, Richard Xiao & Andrew Hardie. (2016) “How do English translations differ from non-translated English writings? A multi-feature statistical model for linguistic variation analysis”. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15:2, pp. 347-382.
Ivaska, Ilmari, Adriano Ferraresi & Silvia Bernardini. (Under Review) “Syntactic properties of constrained English: A corpus-driven approach”.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta (2021) “Intermodal approach to cohesion in constrained and unconstrained language” Target. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19186.kaj
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta & Ilmari Ivaska (2020) “A multivariate approach to lexical diversity in constrained language”. Across Languages and Cultures 21:2, pp. 169-194.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta. (2012) Interpreting Universals and Interpreting Style. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta. (2015) “Simplification in interpreting and translation”. Across Languages and Cultures 16:2, pp. 233-255.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta. (2018) “Interpretese vs. Non-native Language Use: The Case of Optional That”. In Russo, Mariachiara, Claudio Bendazzoli & Bart Defrancq (eds.), Making Way in Corpus-based Interpreting Studies. Singapore: Springer, pp. 97-113.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta, Ilmari Ivaska, Adriano Ferraresi & Silvia Bernardini. (2019) “Thanks very much President…” or “Thank you Mr President...” Investigating formality in mediated and non-mediated discourse”. Paper delivered at 49th Poznań Linguistics Meeting, 16-19 September, 2019 in Poznań, Poland.
Kotze, Haidee, Minna Korhonen, Adam Smith and Bertus van Rooy. (under review) “Salient differences between oral parliamentary discourse and its official written records: A comparison of “close” and “distant” analysis methods” In Korhonen, Minna, Kotze Haidee & Tyrkkö Jukka (eds.), Parliamentary discourse across time and space: Using big data to study language and society. Studies in Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kotze, Haidee. (2019) “Converging what and how to find out why: An Outlook on empirical translation studies”. In Vandevoorde, Lore, Joke Daems & Bart Defranq (eds.), New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting. London: Routledge, pp. 333-371.
Kruger, Haidee & Bertus Van Rooy. (2016a) “Constrained language: A multidimensional analysis of translated English and a non-native indigenised variety of English”. English World-Wide 37:1, pp. 26-57.
Kruger, Haidee & Bertus Van Rooy. (2016b) “Syntactic and pragmatic transfer effects in reported-speech constructions in three contact varieties of English influenced by Afrikaans”. Language Sciences 56, pp. 118-131.
Kruger, Haidee, & Bertus Van Rooy. (2018) “Register Variation in Written Contact Varieties of English”. English World-Wide 39:2, pp/ 214–242. doi:10.1075/eww.00011.kru
Kruger, Haidee. (2012) “A corpus-based study of the mediation effect in translated and edited language”. Target 24:2, pp. 355-388.
Kruger, Haidee. (2018) “Expanding the third code: Corpus-based studies of constrained communication and language mediation.” In Granger, Sylviane, Lefer, Marie-Aude & Penha-Marion, Laura (eds.), Book of abstracts. Using corpora in contrastive and translation studies conference (5th edition) CECL papers 1. Louvain-la-Neuve: Centre for English Corpus Linguistics/ Universit. Catholique de Louvain, pp. 9-12.
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Laviosa, Sara. (1998) “Core Patterns of Lexical Use in a Comparable Corpus of English Narrative Prose”. Meta 43:4, pp. 557-570.
Laviosa, Sara. (2002) Corpus-based translation studies: theory, findings, applications. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Mauranen, Anna. (2000) “Strange strings in translated language: A study on corpora”. In Olohan, Meave (ed.), Intercultural Faultlines. Research Models in Translation Studies 1:Textual and Cognitive Aspects. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, pp. 119-141.
Mollin, Sandra. (2007) “The Hansard hazard: Gauging the accuracy of British parliamentary transcripts”. Corpora 2:2, pp. 187-210.
Myles, Florence & Caroline Cordier. (2017) “Formulaic Sequence(fs) Cannot be an Umbrella Term in SLA: Focusing on Psycholinguistic FSs and Their Identification”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39, pp. 3-28.
Nelson, Robert (2018) “How ‘chunky’ is language? Some estimates based on Sinclair’s Idiom Principle”. Corpora 13:3, pp. 431-460.
Nesi, Hillary. (2012) “ESP and Corpus Studies”. In: Paltridge, Brian & Sue Starfield (eds.), The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes. London: Wiley, pp. 407-426.
Olohan, Meave. (2004) Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies. Routledge: London.
Pęzik, Piotr. (2018) Facets of prefabrication. Perspectives on modelling and detecting phraseological units. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Plevoets, Koen & Bart Defrancq. (2016) “The effect of informational load on disfluencies in interpreting: A corpus-based regression analysis”. Translation and Interpreting Studies. The Journal of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association, 11:2, pp. 202-224.
Pym, Anthony. (2007) “On Shlesinger ’s proposed equalizing universal for interpreting”. In Pochhacker, Franz, Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke & Mees, Inger M. (eds.), Interpreting studies and beyond: A tribute to Miriam Shlesinger. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur Press, pp. 175-190.
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Barton, Kamil. (2019) “MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference”. Online version: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn
Bates, Douglas, Martin Mächler, Ben Bolker & Steve Walker. (2015) “Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4”. Journal of Statistical Software 67:1, pp. 1-48. Online version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.582
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Bernardini, Silvia, Adriano Ferraresi & Maja Miličević. (2016) “From EPIC to EPTIC—Exploring simplification in interpreting and translation from an intermodal perspective.” Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28:1, p. 61-86.
Biel, Łucja. (2014) Lost in the Eurofog: The Textual Fit of Translated Law. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag.
Bolker, Benjamin, Mollie Brooks, Connie Clark, Shane Geange, John Poulsen, M. Henry Stevens & Jada-Simone White (2009) “Generalized linear mixed models: A practical guide for ecology and evolution”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24:3, pp. 127-135.
Buerki, Andreas. (2016) “Formulaic sequences: a drop in the ocean of constructions or something more significant?” European Journal of English Studies 20:1, pp. 15-34.
Buerki, Andreas. (2020) “(How) is Formulaic Language Universal? Insights from Korean, German and English”. In Piirainen, Elisabeth, Natalia Filatkina, Sören Stumpf & Christian Pfeiffer (eds.), Formulaic Language and New Data Theoretical and Methodological Implications. Berlin: Degruyter, pp. 103-134.
Chesterman, Andrew. (2004) “Hypothesis about translation universals”. In: Hansen, Gyde, Kirsten Malmkjaer & Daniel Gile (eds.), Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1-13.
Dayter, Daria. (2018) “Describing Lexical Patterns in Simultaneously Interpreted Discourse in a Parallel Aligned Corpus of Russian-English Interpreting (SIREN)”. FORUM. Revue Internationale d’interprétation et de Traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 16:2, pp. 241-264.
Defrancq, Bart, Koen Plevoets & Cedric Magnifico. (2015) “Connective Items in Interpreting and Translation: Where Do They Come From?”. In: Romero- Trillo, Jesus (ed.), Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics . Bern: Springer, pp. 195-222.
De Sutter, Gert & Lefer, Marie-Aude (2020) “On the need for a new research agenda for corpus-based translation studies: A multi-methodological, multifactorial and interdisciplinary approach”. Perspectives , 28:1, pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2019.1611891
Ebeling , Jarle & Signe Oksefjell Ebeling. (2018) “Comparing n-gram-based functional categories in original versus translated texts”. Corpora 13:3, pp. 347-370.
Ferraresi, Adriano, Silvia Bernardini, Maja Milič ević & Marie-Aude Lefer. (2019) “Simplified or Not Simplified? The Different Guises of Mediated English at the European Parliament.” Meta: Journal Des Traducteurs / Translators’ Journal 63:3, pp. 717-738.
Forsyth, Richard. (2015) “Formulib: Formulaic Language Software Library”. Online version: http://www.richardsandesforsyth.net/zips/formulib.zip
Forsyth, Richard & Łukasz Grabowski. (2015) “Is there a formula for formulaic language?” Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 54:1, pp. 511-549.
Foster , Pauline. (2001) “Rules and routines: A consideration of their role in the task-based language production of native and non-native speakers”. In Bygate, Martin, Peter Skehan & Merill Swain (eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching and testing . London: Longman, pp. 75-93.
Fox , John, Sanford Weisberg, Michael Friendly, Jangman Hong, Robert Andersen, David Firth & Steve Taylor. (2019) Package ‘effects’. Online version: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/effects/effects.pdf
Grabowski, Łukasz. (2013) “Interfacing corpus linguistics and computational stylistics: translation universals in translational literary Polish”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics , 18:2, pp. 254-280.
Grabowski , Łukasz & Nicholas Groom (accepted) “Functionally-defined recurrent multi-word units in English-to-Polish translation: a corpus-based study”. Revista Espa .ola de Linguistica Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics .
Halverson, Sandra. (2003) “The cognitive basis of translation universals”. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15:2, pp. 197-241.
Hastie, Trevor, Robert Tibshirani & Jerome Friedman. (2016) The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. Second Edition. Berlin: Springer.
Hu, Xianyao, Richard Xiao & Andrew Hardie. (2016) “How do English translations differ from non-translated English writings? A multi-feature statistical model for linguistic variation analysis”. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15:2, pp. 347-382.
Ivaska, Ilmari, Adriano Ferraresi & Silvia Bernardini. (Under Review) “Syntactic properties of constrained English: A corpus-driven approach”.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta (2021) “Intermodal approach to cohesion in constrained and unconstrained language” Target. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19186.kaj
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta & Ilmari Ivaska (2020) “A multivariate approach to lexical diversity in constrained language”. Across Languages and Cultures 21:2, pp. 169-194.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta. (2012) Interpreting Universals and Interpreting Style. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta. (2015) “Simplification in interpreting and translation”. Across Languages and Cultures 16:2, pp. 233-255.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta. (2018) “Interpretese vs. Non-native Language Use: The Case of Optional That”. In Russo, Mariachiara, Claudio Bendazzoli & Bart Defrancq (eds.), Making Way in Corpus-based Interpreting Studies. Singapore: Springer, pp. 97-113.
Kajzer-Wietrzny, Marta, Ilmari Ivaska, Adriano Ferraresi & Silvia Bernardini. (2019) “Thanks very much President…” or “Thank you Mr President...” Investigating formality in mediated and non-mediated discourse”. Paper delivered at 49th Poznań Linguistics Meeting, 16-19 September, 2019 in Poznań, Poland.
Kotze, Haidee, Minna Korhonen, Adam Smith and Bertus van Rooy. (under review) “Salient differences between oral parliamentary discourse and its official written records: A comparison of “close” and “distant” analysis methods” In Korhonen, Minna, Kotze Haidee & Tyrkkö Jukka (eds.), Parliamentary discourse across time and space: Using big data to study language and society. Studies in Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kotze, Haidee. (2019) “Converging what and how to find out why: An Outlook on empirical translation studies”. In Vandevoorde, Lore, Joke Daems & Bart Defranq (eds.), New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting. London: Routledge, pp. 333-371.
Kruger, Haidee & Bertus Van Rooy. (2016a) “Constrained language: A multidimensional analysis of translated English and a non-native indigenised variety of English”. English World-Wide 37:1, pp. 26-57.
Kruger, Haidee & Bertus Van Rooy. (2016b) “Syntactic and pragmatic transfer effects in reported-speech constructions in three contact varieties of English influenced by Afrikaans”. Language Sciences 56, pp. 118-131.
Kruger, Haidee, & Bertus Van Rooy. (2018) “Register Variation in Written Contact Varieties of English”. English World-Wide 39:2, pp/ 214–242. doi:10.1075/eww.00011.kru
Kruger, Haidee. (2012) “A corpus-based study of the mediation effect in translated and edited language”. Target 24:2, pp. 355-388.
Kruger, Haidee. (2018) “Expanding the third code: Corpus-based studies of constrained communication and language mediation.” In Granger, Sylviane, Lefer, Marie-Aude & Penha-Marion, Laura (eds.), Book of abstracts. Using corpora in contrastive and translation studies conference (5th edition) CECL papers 1. Louvain-la-Neuve: Centre for English Corpus Linguistics/ Universit. Catholique de Louvain, pp. 9-12.
Kuhn , Max & Kjell Johnson. (2013) Applied Predictive Modeling. Berlin: Springer.
Lanstyak, Istvan & Pal Heltai. (2012) “Universals in Language Contact and Translation”. Across Languages and Cultures 13:1, pp. 99-121.
Laviosa, Sara. (1998) “Core Patterns of Lexical Use in a Comparable Corpus of English Narrative Prose”. Meta 43:4, pp. 557-570.
Laviosa, Sara. (2002) Corpus-based translation studies: theory, findings, applications. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Mauranen, Anna. (2000) “Strange strings in translated language: A study on corpora”. In Olohan, Meave (ed.), Intercultural Faultlines. Research Models in Translation Studies 1:Textual and Cognitive Aspects. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, pp. 119-141.
Mollin, Sandra. (2007) “The Hansard hazard: Gauging the accuracy of British parliamentary transcripts”. Corpora 2:2, pp. 187-210.
Myles, Florence & Caroline Cordier. (2017) “Formulaic Sequence(fs) Cannot be an Umbrella Term in SLA: Focusing on Psycholinguistic FSs and Their Identification”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39, pp. 3-28.
Nelson, Robert (2018) “How ‘chunky’ is language? Some estimates based on Sinclair’s Idiom Principle”. Corpora 13:3, pp. 431-460.
Nesi, Hillary. (2012) “ESP and Corpus Studies”. In: Paltridge, Brian & Sue Starfield (eds.), The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes. London: Wiley, pp. 407-426.
Olohan, Meave. (2004) Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies. Routledge: London.
Pęzik, Piotr. (2018) Facets of prefabrication. Perspectives on modelling and detecting phraseological units. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Plevoets, Koen & Bart Defrancq. (2016) “The effect of informational load on disfluencies in interpreting: A corpus-based regression analysis”. Translation and Interpreting Studies. The Journal of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association, 11:2, pp. 202-224.
Pym, Anthony. (2007) “On Shlesinger ’s proposed equalizing universal for interpreting”. In Pochhacker, Franz, Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke & Mees, Inger M. (eds.), Interpreting studies and beyond: A tribute to Miriam Shlesinger. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur Press, pp. 175-190.
Rabinovich, Ella, Sergiu Nisioi, Noam Ordan & Shuly Wintner. (2016) “On the Similarities between Native, Non-Native and Translated Texts”. In van den Bosch, Antal (ed.) Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Berlin, Germany, 7-12 August. Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computing Machinery.
Römer, Ute. (2010) “Establishing the phraseological profile of a text type. The construction of meaning in academic book reviews”. English Text Construction 3:1, pp. 95-119.
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