Orientalisme i gènere: Flaubert i la mirada colonial sota les dones / Orientalism and gender: Flaubert and colonial eyes about women
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Resum
La representació de la feminitat oriental en la literatura dels països colonitzadors al llarg del segle XIX tingué un paper clau en els discursos orientalistes del romanticisme. La imatge dels cossos orientals femenins, la qual dibuixa a les dones com a objectes eròtics del plaer visual masculí, ha contribuït a configurar un escenari eurocèntric. Aquesta figuració qualifica a diferents territoris extraeuropeus d’escassament civilitzats i monolítics, i sobretot feminitzats i susceptibles a ser colonitzats. Dintre d’aquests discursos orientalistes multidireccionals, escollim a Gustav Flaubert com a cànon literari de les diverses al·legories de les dones orientals, les quals basculaven entre la no-existència femenina fins la femme fatale, passant per la dona feble i necessitada de l’heroi occidental per al seu alliberament.
Paraules clau: Orientalisme, Flaubert, dones orientals, colonització, literatura, representacions, gènere.
Abstract
The representation of the oriental femininity in the settler countries throughout the XIX century had a key role in the orientalists speeches of Romanticism. The feminine oriental bodies image, which exemplifies women as erotic objects of the male visual pleasure, has contributed to the configuration of a stage where Europe is considered the universal center. This image itself qualifies different extra-european territories as monolithic and with lack of civilization, but especially feminized and available to be colonized. Considering all these speeches, Gustav Flaubert has been chosen as literary cannon of the several representations that the oriental women can have. These allegories were searching from the feminine noexistence until the femme fatale, also seeing the weak woman who needed the occidental hero to achieve their liberty.
Keywords: Orientalism, Flaubert, oriental women, colonization, literature, representations, gender.
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