Lenguas minoritarias y engagement: un estudio a partir de las cuentas de Facebook de las universidades europeas de entornos multilingües
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
La educación superior en Europa ha experimentado transformaciones significativas, impulsadas por la internacionalización y el avance de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Esto ha reforzado el papel de la comunicación digital en la estrategia comunicativa de las universidades y en ella es relevante la elección del idioma utilizado. Este estudio analiza la lengua empleada en las cuentas oficiales de Facebook de las 88 universidades europeas ubicadas en contextos multilingües y el efecto de dicha elección en el engagement. Tras un análisis de contenido de publicaciones y de indicadores de interacción, los resultados muestran un uso predominante de la lengua principal del Estado (ple), con escasa presencia del inglés y de lenguas minoritarias (lm), excepto en universidades españolas. Además, las lenguas minoritarias suelen generar menos engagement, salvo en las comunidades autónomas españolas donde la lengua propia tiene una posición central en términos de uso e identidad.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Citas
Beer, David y Burrows, Rogers (2007). Sociology and, of and in Web 2.0: Some Initial Considerations. Sociological Research Online, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.1560
Benner, Mats (2020). Becoming World Class: What It Means and What It Does. En Rider, Sharon, Peters, Michael A., Hyvönen, Mats y Besley, Tina (Eds). World Class Universities. Evaluating Education (25-40). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_3
Blázquez, Félix, Rodríguez, Clide y Teijeiro, Mercedes (2020). A new era of communication in higher education. Facebook as a marketing tool. Espacios, 41(6). https://www.revistaespacios.com/a20v41n06/20410623.html
Brzakovic, Aleksandar, Brzakovic, Tomislav y Brzakovic, Pavel (2019). The Determinants of Brand Positioning in Higher Education ― What Dominantly Influences Students’ Satisfaction? Croatian Journal of Education, 21(2), 407-436. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v21i2.3136
Campillo-Alhama, Concepción, Herrero-Ruiz, Laura y Ramos-Soler, Irene (2024). Los eventos experienciales en la estrategia de comunicación y publicidad del sector cervecero. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 82, 01-23. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2024-2208
Canavilhas, Joao y Di Fátima, Branco (2025). Reporteros del futuro: consumo de noticias entre estudiantes de periodismo en Portugal. Doxa Comunicación, 40, 305-319. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n40a2392
Cao, Dongmei, Meadows, Maureen, Wong, Donna y Xia, Senmao (2021). Understanding consumers’ social media engagement behaviour: An examination of the moderation effect of social media context. Journal of Business Research, 122, 835-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.025
Capriotti, Paul, Losada-Díaz, José-Carlos y Martínez-Gras, Rodolfo (2023a). Evaluating the content strategy developed by universities on social media. Profesional de la información, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.mar.10
Capriotti, Paul, Martínez-Gras, Rodolfo y Zeler, Illena (2023b). Does universities' posting strategy influence their social media engagement? An analysis of the top-ranked higher education institutions in different countries. Higher Education Quarterly, 77(4), 911931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12439
Capriotti, Paul, Oliveira, Andrea y Carretón, Carmen (2023c). A model for assessing the active presence of institutions on social media: application to universities worldwide. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 34(2), 1035-1055. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2023.2166188
Català-Oltra, Lluís, Martínez-Gras, Rodolfo y Penalva-Verdú, Clemente (2023). The Use of Languages in Digital Communication at European Universities in Multilingual Settings. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 11(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2022.563470.2794
Català-Oltra, Lluís y Penalva-Verdú, Clemente (2019). The use of official languages in electronic communications in the Valencian local administration. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 260, 1536. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2019-2046
Català-Oltra, Lluís y Penalva-Verdú, Clemente (2021). The Use of Languages by Valencian Business-to-Consumer Service Companies in their Telematic Communications. HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 61, 2340. https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.vi61.127913
Ceballos del Cid, Yaiza (2024). Jóvenes y redes sociales: divergencias y similitudes en el consumo informativo en distintas comunidades autónomas españolas. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-605
Cenoz, Jasone y Gorter, Durk (2019). Minority Languages, National State Languages and English in Europe: Multilingual Education in the Basque Country and Friesland. Journal of Multilingual Education Research, 9. https://fordham.bepress.com/jmer/vol9/iss1/9
Cots, Josep M., Lasagabaster, David y Garrett, Peter (2012). Multilingual policies and practices of universities in three bilingual regions in Europe. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 216, 732. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0037
Cuesta, Kelly y van Liempt Serré, Saskia (2024). Marketing digital y medios sociales aplicados al deporte. Aprendizaje basado en proyectos con un enfoque transversal y data driven. En Jiménez García, Eva y Velasco Quintana, Paloma J. Construyendo el futuro de la educación superior en la era digital. Madrid: Dykinson.
Dafouz, Emma (2021). Exploring the conceptualisation of linguistic diversity and multilingualism in the construction of (Transnational) European Universities: the case of UNA Europa. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(4), 759774. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1920964
Davies, Sarah (2020). University communications as auto-communication: the NTNU ‘Challenge everything’ campaign. Journal of Communication Management, 24(3), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-04-2020-0034
de Swaan, Abram (1998). A political sociology of the World Language System (1): The Dynamics of Language Spread. Language Problems and Language Planning, 22 (1), 63-75.
de Swaan, Abram (2001). Words of the world: The global language system. Cambridge: Blackwell.
de Wit, Hans (2020). Internationalisation of higher education. The need for a more ethical and qualitative approach. Journal of International Students, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1893
Dehaene, Heidelinde, de Neve, Jan y Rosseel, Yves (2021). A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for latent variables. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754898
Deng, Qi, Hine, Michael, Ji, Shaovo y Wang, Yun (2021). Understanding consumer engagement with brand posts on social media: The effects of post linguistic styles. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 48, 101068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101068
Doiz, Aintzane, Lasagabaster, David y Sierra, Juan (2013). Globalisation, internationalisation, multilingualism and linguistic strains in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(9), 14071421. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.642349
Eger, Ludvík y Gangur, Mikulas (2024). How Universities Communicate with the Public via Social Media: A Content Analysis. Communication Today, 15(1), 156173. https://doi.org/10.34135/communicationtoday.2024.Vol.15.No.1.10
Espinar-Ruiz, Eva, González-Díaz, Cristina y Martínez-Gras, Rodolfo (2020). Análisis del consumo de noticias entre estudiantes de la Universidad de Alicante. Convergencia, 27, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v27i0.13286
Fähnrich, Birte, Vogelgesang, Jens y Scharkow, Michael (2020). Evaluating universities’ strategic online communication: How do Shanghai ranking's top 50 universities grow stakeholder engagement with Facebook posts? Journal of Communication Management, 24(3), 265283. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-06-2019-0090
Falqueto, Júnia, Hoffmann, Valmir, Gomes, Ricardo y Onoyama-Mori, Silvia. (2020). Strategic planning in higher education institutions: what are the stakeholders’ roles in the process? Higher Education, 79, 10391056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00455-8
Francioni, Barbara, Curina, Ilaria, Dennis, Charles, Papagianidis, Savvas, Alamanos, Eleftherios, Bourlakis, Michael y Hegner, Sabrina (2021). Does Trust Play a Role When It Comes to Donations? Higher Education, 82, 85105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00623-1
Gao, Yuan y Liu, Ji (2020). International student recruitment campaign: Experiences of selected flagship universities in China. Higher Education, 80(4), 663678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00503-8
García Gavilanes, Ruth, Gómez, Diego, Parra, Denis, Trattner, Christoph, Kaltenbrunner, Andreas y Graells-Garrido, Eduardo (2015). Language, Twitter and Academic Conferences. En HT '15: Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext & Social Media (159163). https://doi.org/10.1145/2700171.2791059
Gordon-Isasi, Janire, Narvaiza, Lorea y Gibaja, Juan José (2021). Revisiting integrated marketing communication (IMC): a scale to assess IMC in higher education (HE). Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 31(1), 5890. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2020.1758283
Heller, Monica y Duchêne, Alexandre (2012). Pride and profit. Changing discourses of language, capital and nation-state. En Duchêne, Alexandre y Heller, Monica (Eds). Language in late capitalism: Pride and profit (1-21). Londres: Routledge.
Honeycutt, Courtenay y Cunliffe, Daniel (2010). The Use of the Welsh Language on Facebook: An Initial Investigation. Information, Communication & Society, 13(2), 226248. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180902914628
Hooghe, Liesbet, Marks, Gary, Schakel, Arjan, Chapman, Sandra, Niedzwiecki, Sara y Shair-Rosenfield, Sarah (2016). Measuring regional authority. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728870.001.0001
Kabanova, Elena E. y Vetrova, Ekaterina A. (2019). The use of modern electronic gadgets in the educational process of the university. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 8(3), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2019.3.524
Kisiołek, Artur, Karyy, Oleh y Нalkiv, Liubov (2020). Comparative Analysis of the Practice of Internet Use in the Marketing Activities of Higher Education Institutions in Poland and Ukraine. Comparative economic research. Central and Eastern Europe, 23(2), 87102. https://doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.23.14
Kuteeva, Maria, Kaufhold, Kathrin y Hynninen, Niina (2020). Language perceptions and practices in multilingual universities. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38755-6
Lasagabaster, David (2015). Language policy and language choice at European universities. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 255276. https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2014-0024
Lasagabaster, David y Doiz, Aintzane (2020). Epilogue: Multilingualism in Northern European Universities. En Kuteeva, Maria, Kaufhold, Kathrin y Hynninen, Niina (Eds.). Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities (121). London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38755-6_1
Lažetić, Predrag (2019). Students and university websites - consumers of corporate brands or novices in the academic community? Higher Education, 77(6), 9951013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0315-5
Lipovsky, Caroline (2019). The linguistic landscapes of Girona and Perpignan: A contrastive study of the display of the Catalan language in top-down signage. Journal of Catalan Studies, 150190. https://revista.anglocatalan.org/ojs/index.php/jocs/article/view/17
Liu, Xinyan (2019). Language of Instruction in Higher Education: South Africa and Spain. Romance EReview, 22. https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/romance/article/view/11289
Lloyd-Smith, Anika, Bergmann, Fabian, Hund, Laura y Kupisch, Tanja (2023). Can policies improve language vitality? The Sámi languages in Sweden and in Norway. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059696
López Ortega, Anna, Almela Baeza, Javier y Munafó Horta, Juan José (2024). Nuevas aplicaciones de divulgación científica para universitarios: Tinder. Revista de Ciencias de la Comunicación e Información, 29, 125. https://doi.org/10.35742/rcci.2024.29.e296
Lund, Brady (2019). Universities engaging social media users: an investigation of quantitative relationships between universities’ Facebook followers/interactions and university attributes. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 29(2), 251267. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2019.1641875
Mai To, Anh, Mindzak, Michael, Thongpapanl, Narongsak y Mindzak, Justin (2022). Social media branding strategies of universities and colleges in Canada. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 34(2), 946966. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2022.2139790
May, Stephen (2009). Language policy and minority rights. En Ricento, Thomas (Ed). An introduction to language policy: Theory and method (255-272). Oxford: Blackwell.
Melero, Maite (2018). El futur de les llengües en l’era digital. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 70, 152165. https://doi.org/10.2436/rld.i70.2018.3201
Melewar, T. C., Foroudi, Pantea, Dinnie, Keith y Nguyen, Bang (2018). The role of corporate identity management in the higher education sector: an exploratory case study. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(4), 337359. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2017.1414073
Mendelsohn, Julia, Ghosh, Sayan, Jurgens, David y Budak, Ceren (2023). Bridging Nations: Quantifying the Role of Multilinguals in Communication on Social Media. En International Conference on Web and Social Media. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.03797
Migge, Bettina (2020). Why embed multilingualism into university practices? Languages, Society and Policy Papers. University of Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.62272
Onofrei, George, Filieri, Raffaele y Kennedy, Lorraine (2022). Social media interactions, purchase intention, and behavioural engagement: The mediating role of source and content factors. Journal of Business Research, 142, 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.031
Orgilés-Amorós, Macarena, Ruiz-Moreno, Felipe, Penagos-Londoño, Gabriel y Tabuenca-Cuevas, María (2024). Twitter killed the media star: a historical evolution of marketing communication used by Spanish universities. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 16(1), 48-70. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHRM-07-2023-0033
Ritzer, George, Dean, Paul y Jurgenson, Nathan (2012). The Coming of Age of the Prosumer. American Behavioral Scientist, 56(4), 379398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211429368
Saarinen, Taina y Rontu, Heidi (2018). University language policies. European Journal of Language Policy, 10(1), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.3828/ejlp.2018.5
Serrano-Oceja, Francisco, Gonzálvez-Valles, Juan Enrique y Viñarás-Abad, Mónica (2019). La gestión de las redes sociales en la comunicación política y su influencia en la prensa. index.comunicación, 9(1), 173195. https://doi.org/10.33732/ixc/09/01Lagest
Smith, Brian G. y Derville Gallicano, Tiffany (2015). Terms of engagement: Analyzing public engagement with organizations through social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 8290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.060
Smit, Ute (2018). Beyond monolingualism in higher education. En Jenkins, Jennifer, Baker, Will y Dewey, Martin (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of English as a lingua franca (387399). Londres: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315717173-32
Soler, Josep y Gallego-Balsà, Lídia (2019). The Sociolinguistics of Higher Education: Language Policy and Internationalisation in Catalonia. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16677-9
Sorolla, Natxo y Flors-Mas, Aveŀlí. (2020). L’ús del català entre els millennials de Catalunya: el pes diluït de l’origen lingüístic. Revista de Llengua i Dret, 73, 50-68. https://doi.org/10.2436/rld.i73.2020.3448
Spolsky, Bernard (2004). Language policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stern, Alissa J. (2017). How Facebook can revitalise local languages: Lessons from Bali. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(9), 788796. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2016.1267737
Tejedor, Santiago, Portalés-Oliva, Marta, Carniel-Bugs, Ricardo y Cervi, Laura (2021). Journalism students and information consumption in the era of fake news. Media and Communication, 9(1), 338350. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3516
The-Thitsar, Myat (2021). Empowering or endangering minorities? Facebook, language, and identity in Myanmar. Asian Ethnicity, 23(4), 718740. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2021.1951596
Vila, Francesc Xavier (2021). The hegemonic position of English in the academic field. European Journal of Language Policy, 13(1), 47-73. https://doi.org/10.3828/ejlp.2021.5
We Are Social y Meltwater (26 de enero de 2023). Digital 2023: Global Overview Report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-global-overview-report
Weber, Michele y Sawilowsky, Shlomo (2009). Comparative Power of the Independent t, Permutation t, and WilcoxonTests. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 8(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1241136120
Wu, Ying, Silver, Rita E. y Zhang, Hui (2021). Linguistic schoolscapes of an ethnic minority region in the PRC. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(3), 825-849. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1962326
Xie, Chaoqun y Teo, Peter (2020). Institutional self-promotion: a comparative study of appraisal resources used by top- and second-tier universities in China and America. Higher Education, 80, 353-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00483-4