Implicatures in the Tweets of Climate Change Skeptics
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Abstract
The article attempts to provide a speech act analysis of tweets which are posted by climate change skeptics. It argues that their deliberate flouting and violation of Grice’s Cooperative Principle show that substitute overt denial by conversational implicatures which show skepticism. Based on data from 420 tweets which are responses to climate change discussion, the paper demonstrates that tweeters respond with different deceptive tactics by using conversational implicatures. The article attempts to provide a pragmatic analysis of tweets which are posted by climate change opponents. It argues that their deliberate violation of the CP shows that their attitude shifted from overt denial to skepticism.
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Hassan, B.- eddin . (2023). Implicatures in the Tweets of Climate Change Skeptics. Language Value, 16(2), 124–145. https://doi.org/10.6035/languagev.7707
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References
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McCornack, S. & Levine, T. & Solowczuk, K. & Torres, H. & Campbell, D. (1992). “When the alteration of information is viewed as deception: An empirical test of information manipulation theory”. Communication Monographs, 59, 17—29
Meibauer, J. (2005). “Lying and falsely implicating”. Journal of Pragmatics. 37 (9), 1373-1399
Olekalns, M. & Smith, P. (2009). “Mutually dependent: Power, trust, affect and the use of deception in negotiation”. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 347–365
Putnam, L. L., & Roloff, M. E. (Eds.). (1992). Communication and Negotiation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage (Vol.20, Sage Annual Review Series), 294 pp.
Swift, P. & Hwang, A. (2013). “The impact of affective and cognitive trust on knowledge sharing and organizational learning”. The Learning Organization: An International Journal. 20 (1)
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. London: Longman.
Turner, R. & Edgley, C. & Olmstead, G. (1975). “Information control in conversations: Honesty is not always the best policy”. Kansas Journal of Sociology, 69-89.
van der Sandt, R. (1991). “Denial”. In Papers from CLS 27(2): the parasession on negation, pp. 331–344. CLS.
van der Sandt, R. (2003). “Denial and presupposition”. In H. R. Peter Kuhnlein and H. Zeevat (Eds.), Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Albu, E. (2016). “Love Britain? Vote UKIP! The Pragmatics of Electoral Tweets during the European Elections 2014”. In Tweets from the Campaign Trail: Researching Candidates’ Use of Twitter During the European Parliamentary Elections (ed). Alex Frame, Arnauld Mercier, Gilles Brachotte, and Caja Thimm. Vienna: Peter Lang.
Burgoon, J. & Buller, D. & Guerrero, L. & Afifi, W. & Feldman, C. (1996). “Interpersonal deception XII: Information management dimensions underlying deceptive and truthful messages”. Communication Monographs, 63, 50-69
DePaulo, B. & Lindsay, J. & Malone, B. & Muhlenbruck, L. & Charlton, K. & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to Deception. Psychological bulletin. 129. 74-118
Duzi, M. (2018). “Negation and presupposition, truth and falsity”. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric. 54. 15-46
Falkenberg, M., Galeazzi, A., Torricelli, M. et al. (2022). “Growing polarization around climate change on social media”. Nat. Clim. Chang. 12, 1114–1121 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01527-x
Grice, P. (1975). “Logic and Conversation”. In Speech Acts [Syntax and Semantics 3], Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan (eds), 41-58. New York: Academic Press.
Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Grundy, P. (2000). Doing Pragmatics. London: Hodder Arnold.
Herman, E. and Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon
Hoexter, M. (2016). "Living in the Web of Soft Climate Denial". New Economic Perspectives.
Horn, L. (1985). “Metalinguistic Negation and Pragmatic Ambiguity”. Language, 61, 121-174.
Horn, L. (1989). A Natural History of Negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
McAllister, D. (1995). “Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations”. Academy of Management Journal 38: 24–59
McCornack, S. (1992). “Information manipulation theory”. Communication Monographs, 59, 1-16.
McCornack, S. & Levine, T. & Solowczuk, K. & Torres, H. & Campbell, D. (1992). “When the alteration of information is viewed as deception: An empirical test of information manipulation theory”. Communication Monographs, 59, 17—29
Meibauer, J. (2005). “Lying and falsely implicating”. Journal of Pragmatics. 37 (9), 1373-1399
Olekalns, M. & Smith, P. (2009). “Mutually dependent: Power, trust, affect and the use of deception in negotiation”. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 347–365
Putnam, L. L., & Roloff, M. E. (Eds.). (1992). Communication and Negotiation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage (Vol.20, Sage Annual Review Series), 294 pp.
Swift, P. & Hwang, A. (2013). “The impact of affective and cognitive trust on knowledge sharing and organizational learning”. The Learning Organization: An International Journal. 20 (1)
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. London: Longman.
Turner, R. & Edgley, C. & Olmstead, G. (1975). “Information control in conversations: Honesty is not always the best policy”. Kansas Journal of Sociology, 69-89.
van der Sandt, R. (1991). “Denial”. In Papers from CLS 27(2): the parasession on negation, pp. 331–344. CLS.
van der Sandt, R. (2003). “Denial and presupposition”. In H. R. Peter Kuhnlein and H. Zeevat (Eds.), Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.